Abdomen · வயிறு

Stomach

A J-shaped muscular sac in the upper left abdomen, between the oesophagus and the small intestine.

Liver

The largest abdominal organ, filling the space under the right dome of the diaphragm.

Gallbladder

Stores and concentrates bile between meals; it does not make it.

Pancreas

An elongated gland lying across the back of the upper abdomen, its head cradled by the duodenum.

Spleen

A soft, fist-sized organ high in the left upper abdomen, behind the stomach.

Duodenum

The C-shaped first part of the small intestine; the bile and pancreatic ducts open into it together.

Jejunum

Ileum

Cecum

Appendix

Large intestine

Caecum with the vermiform appendix, then colon — ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid — then rectum.

Kidney

A pair of reddish-brown bean-shaped organs against the back wall of the abdomen, each holding about one million nephrons — the functional units.

Adrenal gland

One on top of each kidney, with a central medulla and a surrounding cortex.

Abdominal aorta

Inferior vena cava

Portal vein

Renal artery

Digestion and Absorption

The whole alimentary canal in place — mouth and tongue, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum and the rest of the small intestine, large intestine — with the liver, gallbladder and pancreas beside it.

Excretory Products and their Elimination

Both kidneys, both ureters, the bladder and the urethra as one connected tract.